The researchers accounted for other factors, such as age, use of tobacco, and alcohol, and found that they did not significantly influence the results. According to a study , larger waist circumference increases inflammation in the body in some people. In turn, a article in Circulation indicated that inflammation is a contributing factor and increases the risk of several health conditions, including:. A meta-analysis indicated that genes play a role in determining body-fat distribution, in particular waist-to-hip ratio.
Consequently, some individuals are, therefore, more likely to store fat around their middle than on their thighs. While individuals may not be able to change their basic body shape, it is still possible to reduce the amount of fat stored on the waistline. According to Harvard Health , visceral abdominal fat is less common among those in Mediterranean countries. Black men and white women typically have less visceral abdominal fat than white men and black women.
Sedentary people tend to have more abdominal fat than those who are more active throughout the day. The Centers for Disease Prevention and Control CDC cite activities such as watching television and playing video games as having positive associations with increased abdominal fat and obesity among both men and women. Eating too many calories, regardless of the type of food, may cause weight gain. For those that are apple-shaped, this extra weight will accumulate on the abdomen.
Although it is not possible to reduce fat in specific areas, any weight loss in people who carry excess fat can help. Individuals with type 2 diabetes, a heart condition, or another health issue should speak to a doctor or dietitian who can then advise on the appropriate diet and exercises to reduce belly fat. Having excess abdominal fat can increase the risk of several health conditions, including heart disease and diabetes.
To reduce this risk, individuals should aim to achieve or maintain a healthy waist circumference and WHtR. It is important to discuss individual risk and management techniques with a doctor. There are various ways to measure the percentage of body fat, and some are more high tech than others. There are two important waist metrics which are complementary to BMI. They are waist circumference and waist to height ratio. BMI is the most important and widely-used tool in the world for indicating fat levels in the human body, and it is officially recognised by the World Health Organisation 1.
However, while BMI is an indicator of total fat levels, it provides no indication of how fat is distributed in the body. The manner in which fat is distributed in the body is important, as it has been found that fat which is stored in and around internal organs such as the liver, kidneys, pancreas and heart tends to be significantly more harmful than fat which is stored peripherally, particularly in the form of subcutaneous under the skin fat.
These shapes become more obvious and pronounced in the overweight and obese categories of BMI. An apple shaped person of the same gender, age and ethnicity as a pear shaped person, and with the same BMI, will tend to have a much greater risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke. The reason for this is that internal, visceral fat is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat, and this activity can have harmful effects such as impaired vascular function and inflammation 2.
The following waist metrics provide an indication of the extent of central fat distribution, and for this reason they are a valuable complement to BMI. However, they are not a substitute for BMI. Relying on the BMI alone, only one in seven of the participants would have been classified as obese in terms of their whole body fat, whereas according to the WHtR, the more accurate figure of one in two, or half the participants would meet that threshold.
WHtR was also a closer proxy for measuring abdominal fat in both men and women. The waist-to-hip ratio was the weakest formula of the bunch. The study, led by Michelle Swainson , a professor of exercise physiology, found the cutoff for predicting whole body obesity was 0. That number could be even lower. In separate research, Margaret Ashwell, a senior visiting fellow at City University London, has discovered through several studies— including a meta-analysis of 44 studies in adults and 13 in children—that the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease begins to rise with a WHtR above.
Her research also found that the WHtR measurement is more precise at measuring life expectancy. Acoustic Neuroma. Acoustic neuroma is a benign intercranial tumor involving the myelin-forming Schwann cells of the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve in the peripheral nervous system.
Belly fat, also called the abdominal fat and visceral fat, is not just about waist size. It is about your health. Take this quiz to find out how much you know about your belly fat. Weight Loss Calculator. Weight Loss Calculator calculates calories needed to lose weight for men and women. Find out the amount of calories burned while doing exercises for weight loss and check the list of low calorie foods. Body Mass Index.
Waist to Hip Ratio. Your waist to hip ratio indicates your body type pear or apple and determines your risks for heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and stroke. View all. Cardiac Tools Activity Calorie Calculator. Conversion Tools Length Conversion Calculator.
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