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Institutional subscriptions support Language. Keep me signed in. Forgot your password? The ulnar styloid process can be located either volar or dorsal to the hand when the forearm is pronated or supinated Figs. Therefore, the ulnar styloid process is located dorsal to the radius on lateral views of the wrist when the forearm is supinated Fig.
Lateral views of the wrist taken with the forearm supinated have been presented in a number of previous publications including studies on the radiographic evaluation of the wrist or the ulnar variance that varies with forearm rotation. If someone thinks that the ulnar styloid is located dorsally, he or she may be familiar with lateral radiographs taken with the forearm supinated.
The probable cause that the lateral radiographs of the wrist are taken commonly with the forearm supinated is that lateral views are usually taken immediately after PA views. After positioning the patient for the PA view Fig. In this case, the ulna is fixed to the humerus and maintains its position, whereas the radius and the hand rotate around the ulna.
Consequently, the radius and the hand look different in PA and lateral views, but the ulna looks the same in PA and lateral views Fig. However, the distal ulna in the lateral view taken with the patient in the correct position for the lateral radiograph of the wrist Fig. In addition to the standardization of lateral radiographs of the wrist, there are other benefits of establishing the absolute location of the ulnar styloid process.
For example, it would be possible to determine whether the forearm is pronated or supinated on axial magnetic resonance imaging MRI and CT images of the wrist by referencing the direction of the ulnar styloid in relation to the radius Fig. This can be particularly useful when those images are obtained to evaluate parameters dependent on the degree of forearm rotation, such as subluxation of the DRUJ or the position of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon.
However, to our knowledge, no study on DRUJ subluxation has presented verification of forearm rotation on axial images of the wrist. Now, with our results, a retrospective investigation in terms of pronation and supination can be performed, which we think should be useful for future studies focusing on investigations into these areas. Clinically, awareness of the absolute location of the ulnar styloid facilitates greater precision in the examination of the wrist structures, such as the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon that is just beside the ulnar styloid.
It may also help make ulnar-sided arthroscopic portals in the wrist. There are several limitations in this study. As a result, there may be errors associated with the degree of elbow flexion, which alters the screw displacement axis SDA of the elbow or elbow flexion axis.
In addition, there is a report that there is no ulnar axial rotation during elbow flexion-extension motion, 15 which additionally justifies our study on the location in the axial plane of the ulnar head. The CT scans in our study were not uniformly taken with a certain forearm rotation either.
However, the influence of this is thought to be small since SDA patterns are similar regardless of the forearm rotation in the intact elbow. Some discrepancy may exist between the direction angle and the location ratio, although its effect on overall tendency may be minimal.
Third, our study has not been performed with normal wrists. To overcome this, we excluded cases with structural alteration of the ulna or unstable ulnohumeral joint. We believe that this essentially keeps the spatial relationship between the ulnar styloid and the humerus sound. Fourth, the number of CT image sets included in the analysis is small, and patients enrolled in this study do not represent all races or generations.
In conclusion, the ulnar styloid process is located at nearly the ulnar-most the opposite side of the humerus with the elbow flexed and slightly dorsal aspects of the ulnar head in the axial plane view obtained in neutral forearm rotation. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
Journal List Clin Orthop Surg v. Clin Orthop Surg. Published online Feb Find articles by Seung-Han Shin. Find articles by Yong-Suk Lee. Find articles by Jin-Woo Kang. Find articles by Dong-Young Noh. Find articles by Joon-Yong Jung. Find articles by Yang-Guk Chung. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Received Aug 7; Accepted Oct This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Any sort of break in this area is called an ulnar styloid fracture. As with any type of fracture , the main symptom of an ulnar styloid fracture is immediate pain. This type of fracture usually occurs together with a radius fracture. In severe cases, you might also notice your wrist and hand hanging at a different angle than they usually do.
Most hand and wrist fractures the latter of which is basically an ulnar styloid fracture are caused by trying to break a fall with your arm outstretched. In addition, having osteoporosis can also increase your risk of fractures. This condition makes your bones weak and brittle, so you need to take extra precautions to avoid broken bones. Treating broken bones involves trying to get the bones to heal back to their original position.
This can be done both with or without surgery. Mild ulnar styloid fractures often just need a basic wrist cast. In some cases, your doctor may have to realign bones before adding a cast. This process is called reduction, and it can sometimes be done without an incision closed reduction. This involves an open reduction: Your doctor will make an incision near the break and use the opening to reset the affected bones.
Severe breaks may require using metal screws or pins to keep the bones in place while they heal. The healing time associated with an ulnar styloid fracture depends on how severe the fracture is and whether any other bones were fractured. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Distal Radius Fractures Broken Wrist. Updated March Ulnar styloid fracture in distal radius fractures managed with volar locking plates: to fix or not?
J Hand Microsurg. Pollack, P. Styloid fractures may not affect outcomes of distal radius fractures. AAOS Now. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth.
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